Innovation Policy and Performance in Ireland
نویسنده
چکیده
Innovation is best understood broadly, to include anything new in the way a firm operates, in the goods or services it produces, in the processes it uses to do so or in the way it organises to provide its services or produce or distribute its goods. This breadth makes the precise measurement of innovation elusive. While the measurement of the narrower concept of research and development (R&D) is subject to some international standardisation, there are differences in interpretation. Also, the level of R&D outputs such as patents from a firm may not be the best indicator of the significance of R&D’s addition to knowledge or the dynamic capability of a firm.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013